参考
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参考 ESP32-C6 处理器的技术手册，其中有各接口周边的详细说明： https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32-c6_technical_reference_manual_en.pdf

ESP 开发板
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可以看到各开发版上的硬件配置，硬件接口定义： https://github.com/espressif/esp-bsp

I2C
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Wiring: SDA → GPIO21, SCL → GPIO22, VCC → 3.3V/5V, GND → GND
Pros: Uses only two pins, simple wiring, supports multiple devices on the same bus.
Cons: Slower than SPI, may need pull-up resistors (4.7kΩ) for reliable communication.

SPI
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Wiring: MISO → GPIO19, MOSI → GPIO23, SCK → GPIO18, CS → GPIO5, VCC → 3.3V/5V, GND → GND
Pros: Faster and more stable for high-speed data.
Cons: Requires more wires and is limited to one device per bus.

UART
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Wiring: TX → GPIO16 (RX), RX → GPIO17 (TX), VCC → 3.3V/5V, GND → GND
Pros: Simple, uses only two pins.
Cons: Slower and limited by the ESP32’s UART ports.

VCC (power, 3.3V or 5V), SCL (Serial Clock Line), and SDA (Serial Data Line).